miércoles, 25 de junio de 2008

WASTE CO2, A PROBLEM IN OUR TIMES

A great report can be read in the Chemical Processing magazine, June 08 edition (www.chemicalprocessing.com), describing an alternative use that can be given to waste carbon dioxide.
We are all conscious by now that CO2 levels in the atmosphere are constantly growing due to motor and industrial emissions amongst other causes; and that we have lesser trees and vegetation to convert it to oxygen.
Worst news about this is that the increase in CO2 content in the greenhouse gas composition, has a drastic increase in the temperature rise in the atmosphere with time, and is one cause for the global warming we are all worried about.
The good news is that scientists are working to find ways to use the excess CO2 being produced; like Dr. Michael North, a professor of organic chemistry and a group of researchers at the University of Newcastle, UK that believe have identified a role of the gas as feedstock. They have developed a method to convert waste and non purified CO2 into cyclic carbonates at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, using a highly active aluminum catalyst. Cyclic Carbonates find uses in application as solvents,paint strippers, biodegradable packaging and as a feedstock for anti-knock agents for gasoline.

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GREEN CHEMICALS

The Green Seal certification is granted by the organization with that name and has a great number of members contributing with the requirements to pass a raw material or a chemical product as "green". Generally for a material to be green, has to comply with a series of characteristics like: near neutral pH, low volatility, non combustible, non toxic to aquatic life, be biodegradable as measured by oxygen demand in accordance with the OECD definition.
Also the materials have to meet with toxicity and health requirements regarding inhalation, dermal and eye contact. There is also a specific list of materials that are prohibited or restricted from formulations, like ozone-depleting compounds and alkylphenol ethoxylates amongst others. Please go to http://www.greenseal.com/ for complete information on their requirements.
For information on current issues regarding green chemicals, see the blog from the Journalist Doris De Guzman, in the ICIS at: http://www.icis.com/blogs/green-chemicals/.
Certification is an important — and confusing — aspect of green cleaning. Third-party certification is available for products that meet standards set by Green Seal, EcoLogo, Energy Star, the Carpet & Rug Institute and others.
Manufacturers can also hire independent labs to determine whether a product is environmentally preferable and then place the manufacturer’s own eco-logo on the product; this is called self-certification. Finally, some manufacturers label a product with words like “sustainable,” “green,” or “earth friendly” without any third-party verification.
“The fact that there is not a single authoritative standard to go by adds to the confusion,” says Steven L. Mack M.Ed., director of buildings and grounds service for Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
In www.happi.com of June 2008 edition, there is a report of Natural formulating markets that also emphasises the fact that registration of "green formulas" is very confused at present, due to lack of direction and unification of criteria and that some governmental instittion (in my opinion the EPA) should take part in this very important issue.