Es sabido que el Polietileno de Alta Densidad, (PEAD, HDPE en ingles) es uno de los plasticos mas economicos y mas utilizados, especialmente en la elaboracion de bolsas plasticas y envases plasticos, como en botellas para el envasado de productos de limpieza y quimicos en general.
Sin embargo una desventaja del uso del polietileno es la permeacion a vapores o gases, y su falta de claridad debido a su cristalinidad. Estas ultimas caracteristicas llevan al consumidor a utilizar envases de otros polimeros, como el PVC, Policarbonato o PET, que son transparentes y aguantan mas presion interna, pero a mucho mayor precio.
Ahora sin embargo se ha logrado una nueva linea de envases de Polietileno que combinando su mayor pureza, su reduccion del estado cristallino, estilizando su forma estructural y optimizando el peso de la botella, se ha logrado un envase que permite llenar productos quimicos con muy alta presion de vapor como el hidroxido de amonio, conocido como amoniaco. Para mas detalles ir a http://www.pvcc.com/ o puede leer la revista Packaging World de Junio 2008 en http://www.packworld.com/ .En el caso del Polipropileno, se ha logrado esta mejora en las caracteristicas de transparencia, reduciendo la cristalinidad mediante el uso de agentes nucleantes como acido benzoico y benzoato de sodio.
NUEVOS CAMBIOS
Estos polimeros termoplasticos en general son destinados en su mayoria a la fabricacion de empaques; solo en Europa se gastaron en el 2007 una cantidad igual a 54 Billones de Euros correspondientes a 18.2 millones de toneladas de estos materiales. Esto debido a la gran flexibilidad de caracteristicas de estos materiales, su versatilidad, su resistencia, su bajo costo, su facil procesamiento y transformacion, etc, que han hecho que desde su descubrimiento, los plasticos hayan crecido enormemente en su utilizacion y han suplantado el uso de muchos otros materiales.......Pero sin embargo hay siempre una desventaja; los plasticos son demasiado duraderos y poco degradables, o sea que si dejamos en la tierra una botella de polipropileno, tarda demasiado tiempo en degradarse y descomponerse a sus elementos elementares por efecto del oxigeno, microorganismos y el tiempo. Esto ha hecho que las grandes empresas y gobiernos de muchos paises, ( y especialmente por el motivo de la biodegradabilidad, el calentamiento global, las fuentes alternas de energia, etc) esten considerando nuevamente el uso de materiales clasicos como el vidrio, papel, biomateriales, fibras naturales, carton o metales, que son mucho mas reciclables (100%) y con mejor biodegradabilidad.
lunes, 16 de junio de 2008
PLASTICOS QUE PUEDEN RESISTIR LA PRESION
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GREEN CHEMICALS
The Green Seal certification is granted by the organization with that name and has a great number of members contributing with the requirements to pass a raw material or a chemical product as "green". Generally for a material to be green, has to comply with a series of characteristics like: near neutral pH, low volatility, non combustible, non toxic to aquatic life, be biodegradable as measured by oxygen demand in accordance with the OECD definition.
Also the materials have to meet with toxicity and health requirements regarding inhalation, dermal and eye contact. There is also a specific list of materials that are prohibited or restricted from formulations, like ozone-depleting compounds and alkylphenol ethoxylates amongst others. Please go to http://www.greenseal.com/ for complete information on their requirements.
For information on current issues regarding green chemicals, see the blog from the Journalist Doris De Guzman, in the ICIS at: http://www.icis.com/blogs/green-chemicals/.
Certification is an important — and confusing — aspect of green cleaning. Third-party certification is available for products that meet standards set by Green Seal, EcoLogo, Energy Star, the Carpet & Rug Institute and others.
Manufacturers can also hire independent labs to determine whether a product is environmentally preferable and then place the manufacturer’s own eco-logo on the product; this is called self-certification. Finally, some manufacturers label a product with words like “sustainable,” “green,” or “earth friendly” without any third-party verification.
“The fact that there is not a single authoritative standard to go by adds to the confusion,” says Steven L. Mack M.Ed., director of buildings and grounds service for Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
In www.happi.com of June 2008 edition, there is a report of Natural formulating markets that also emphasises the fact that registration of "green formulas" is very confused at present, due to lack of direction and unification of criteria and that some governmental instittion (in my opinion the EPA) should take part in this very important issue.
Also the materials have to meet with toxicity and health requirements regarding inhalation, dermal and eye contact. There is also a specific list of materials that are prohibited or restricted from formulations, like ozone-depleting compounds and alkylphenol ethoxylates amongst others. Please go to http://www.greenseal.com/ for complete information on their requirements.
For information on current issues regarding green chemicals, see the blog from the Journalist Doris De Guzman, in the ICIS at: http://www.icis.com/blogs/green-chemicals/.
Certification is an important — and confusing — aspect of green cleaning. Third-party certification is available for products that meet standards set by Green Seal, EcoLogo, Energy Star, the Carpet & Rug Institute and others.
Manufacturers can also hire independent labs to determine whether a product is environmentally preferable and then place the manufacturer’s own eco-logo on the product; this is called self-certification. Finally, some manufacturers label a product with words like “sustainable,” “green,” or “earth friendly” without any third-party verification.
“The fact that there is not a single authoritative standard to go by adds to the confusion,” says Steven L. Mack M.Ed., director of buildings and grounds service for Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
In www.happi.com of June 2008 edition, there is a report of Natural formulating markets that also emphasises the fact that registration of "green formulas" is very confused at present, due to lack of direction and unification of criteria and that some governmental instittion (in my opinion the EPA) should take part in this very important issue.
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